Holidays January 19
Holy Epiphany or Baptism of the Lord
The Orthodox Church celebrates such a wonderful event as the Epiphany, it is also called Baptism. Before the holiday a strict post is established. This event is considered one of the oldest holidays in the Christian Church. It was installed long ago, at the time of the apostles. In ancient times, he bore the name "Epitaphany", which means - the phenomenon was also called "Theophany" - the Epiphany. There were still many different names for this holiday. Evidence of this can be found in the four Gospels; it describes the period when Jesus Christ came and baptized John. Coming out of the water, John saw an angel in the sky talking about blessing. Translated from the Greek meaning of the word "baptism" is comparable with the sinking into the water. The essence and importance of baptism cannot be realized without an understanding of the crucial importance that the water carries within itself according to the Old Testament. She is the beginning of life. All living things are born from water. In places where there is no water, desert predominates. Water has tremendous destructive power, which is capable of extermination and misfortune, for example, as at the time of the great flood, then God poured all human sins and reigning evil with water, thereby cleansing the earth from them. In that case, the water served for good purposes, but destroyed almost all life on earth. Baptism is carried out in memory of the time when Christ consecrated water. According to tradition, this procedure is carried out before the triumph in the temples, and on the day of Baptism itself, when water from rivers and from other reservoirs is sanctified. In Jordan, the procession of the cross is carried out, the clergy on foot walk through the natural reservoirs and consecrate them. Many people of different ages take part in this procession, and it ends on the shore, where competitions and games are organized for young people who are dedicated to this great holiday that unites people. It is believed that along with washing the body with water, the soul is cleansed, if a person actually repents and believes in the Savior, then his sinful deeds will be forgiven. When Jesus came to John the Baptist, John said that he was not worthy to baptize Him. John tried to dissuade him, but Christ said that it is in this way that any truth must be fulfilled. After the Baptism of Christ, people began to perceive the rite of baptism not only as a symbol of purification. A little later, Jesus appeared before the people as God's Son. Baptist John confirmed that it is Jesus who is God's chosen one. Owing to the Epiphany, the wonderful Divine Sacrament of the Holy Trinity was revealed to the peasants. A baptized person can be ordained to this sacrament; Christ spoke to his followers, who carried these sermons to the people and taught all believers to this. People believed in it, took the rite of baptism and joined the holy sacrament. Today, the significance of this holy holiday remains as great for the believing population. Believers believe that you need to be baptized as a child.
Day of the rescuer of Belarus
The holiday, the Day of the Rescuer, was established by Decree of the President of Belarus, March 26, 1998. The Decree stated that from now on January 19th, the celebration of the Day of the Rescuer would be established. The rescue service in Belarus is considered one of the best in the CIS. To date, the rescue service has one thousand paramilitary special forces, these units are equipped with the most modern rescue equipment. In addition, the service transferred about six thousand light military equipment. At present, there are 17 special units and services in the structure of the rescue service of Belarus. The most important of them are: fire fighting service, emergency rescue regiment, chemical and radiation protection corps, engineering and diving units, explosive battalion, aviation and search and rescue regiments, airborne and pontoon units. Now Belarus has an integral structure of rescue forces capable of not only counteracting natural and man-made disasters, but also successfully preventing them. Rescue specialists in Belarus are trained by the Emergency Ministry Institute and the Institute for Advanced Studies of Emergency Ministry employees. The population of the republic with great respect for the lifeguard and always happy to celebrate their professional holiday.
Feast of the Nineteenth Day of the Month of Sultan
On this day, according to the Gregorian calendar, the month of Sultan begins. Despite the fact that this holiday in the community of the Bahá’ís has a certain order of conduct, it opens up broad opportunities for creativity and versatility. This holiday consists of three parts: the first is a prayer, the second is administrative, and the third is social. During the celebration of music. Abdu'l-Baha encourages believers to tell eloquent stories that elevate the soul. On this holiday, it is customary to greet guests according to tradition in an original and diverse way. The level of holding general council is considered very important, and how widely topics are represented on it. This holiday is welcomed when elements of local cultural traditions are used at the time of the holiday stages, because it usually gives it individuality and fully reflects the identity of each society in which the festival is held. Elements of local traditions create an upbeat atmosphere and a great mood among those present.
January 19 in the national calendar
Epiphany
One of the main Orthodox holidays is baptism. On January 19, the church celebrates Christ’s entry into the path of service to the people. According to legend, Jesus accepted the baptism ceremony on the Jordan River. People believe that it is on the Epiphany night that the water becomes healing. Epiphany water is used in church rituals, sanctifies the house, and gives sick people to drink. There is a custom on this day to swim in the hole in cold water, they say that it will add health for a whole year. On this holiday, the girls completed divination ceremonies; this was the last day when they could guess the future. By tradition, the girls went out into the street, if they met an old man, it was thought to be lousy, and if a young guy passed by, it was thought that the girl would get married this year. There is no baptism, any special songs or dances, but there are a large number of folk signs. After the service, the hosts quickly went home to come home the very first, it was believed that they would gather the harvest quickly. Epiphany kutiu was certainly put on hay, and then this hay was given to the livestock, it was thought that this would protect them from various diseases. On Epiphany night, it was possible to make a wish and pray to heaven, the desired will surely be fulfilled. People believed that Epiphany frosts were the worst, and after that day the weather changed. It was believed, if there is a strong frost, snow or fog will be a good harvest.
Historical events January 19
January 19, 1390 conclusion of lik agreement
The agreement between the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Vitovt and the Teutonic sacred order, signed in Lika on January 19, 1390. The contract was concluded when a civil war raged in the Lithuanian principality. The cause of the civil war was the struggle for power between the Grand Duke of Lithuania Jagiel and the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vitovt. However, the situation in the country heated up to such an extent that there was no end to the civil war. Realizing the responsibility to the fate of the people, and the country, Prince Vitovt, makes a difficult decision for himself and enters a situational alliance with the Teutonic Order. However, at the price of supporting Vitovt, the crusaders became the territorial concessions of the possessions of the Grand Duke: Samogitia and the Kovno Oblast. But the Crusaders, once deceived by Vitovt, demanded serious guarantees from him for their help. It was decided that as a guarantee of the exact execution of the signed agreement, they would become hostages. The Teutons demanded the Vitovt brothers as hostages, a wife, a daughter, and also a sister. Vitovt was forced to agree to such humiliating conditions, because the honor and the supreme power in the state were at stake. As a result of the agreements reached, the Teutons helped Vitovt in the fight against Jagiel, but soon the Grand Dukes Vitovt and Yagailo made peace between themselves, concluding the so-called Ostrovsky Treaty. But the Teutonic Order was once again betrayed by Vitovt. As soon as the Prince returned his relatives and noblemen from captivity, he immediately withdrew from all the terms of the treaty with the crusaders: the Lithuanian army destroyed three Teutonic fortresses. In addition, Vitovt did not yield the lands promised to the crusaders.
January 19, 1965 the death of sailors fishing trawlers in the Bering Sea
The disaster occurred on January 19, 1965 in the waters of the Bering Sea. The cause of the death of ships was a powerful storm, accompanied by heavy freezing wind and icing of ships. January 19 information was received about the disappearance of trawlers, "Sevsk", "Boksitogorsk", "Sebezh", "Nakhichevan". The search for ships failed. As it became later known, more than 100 people died in the crash. With the rescue operation, the “Urup” trawler went out to sea; he managed to save only the sailor of “Boksitogorsk,” Anatoly Okhrimenko. A state commission was established to investigate the causes of the disaster. According to the analysis of the received radiograms and explanations of Okhrimenko, the commission found that the trawlers sank due to the loss of stability due to severe icing. In addition, a severe storm contributed to the disaster. Scientists who have investigated the causes of the disaster fundamentally believe that the squall freezing wind and a strong storm contribute to splashing and flooding of seawater, which under conditions of low temperatures and squally chilling wind, leads to freezing of huge amounts of ice on the vessel’s parts, causing the ship to sink. In memory of the dead sailors, in the city of Nakhodka, a monumental monument, "Grieving Mother", was erected. At the foot of the composition on the marble slab the names of the fishermen who died on the ship "Boksitogorsk" are engraved.
January 19, 1991 as a result of the military operation "Desert Storm" 816 thousand tons of oil poured into the Persian Gulf
In 1990, Iraq provoked a political and economic conflict with neighboring Kuwait. The claims of the Iraqi side concerned the border oil field for which Iraq claimed. However, Kuwait did not recognize the claims of the Iraqi government on the original Kuwaiti lands. Yet the Iraqi government did not want to go into conflict with the aggressive regime of Saddam Hussein and decided to make concessions to Iraq. Formally, the parties agreed to hold bilateral talks, but Saddam did not need any negotiations, he was looking for a reason to start the invasion of Kuwait. On August 2, 1990, the Iraqi army entered Kuwait and occupied the country in a matter of hours. The barbaric attack on Kuwait condemned the entire world community. Tough political and economic sanctions were imposed on Iraq. According to the UN resolution, a military coalition led by the United States was created, in addition, the majority of NATO countries joined the coalition. On the seventeenth of January, the anti-Iraq coalition introduced its units into Kuwait and liberated the country within a few days. The most powerful missile and air strikes were inflicted on Iraq, which led to great destruction and casualties in Iraq itself. Realizing the hopelessness of the situation, Saddam Hussein ordered the oil to be pumped out of the Sea Island oil storage, as well as from several large oil tankers, and dumped into the waters of the Persian Gulf. Almost 1 million tons of oil was poured into the sea. In addition, during the retreat, the Iraqi army set fire to more than seven hundred oil wells. To extinguish the oil nozzles, it took a whole year, the losses inflicted by the Iraqi invasion exceeded $ 2 billion. Burning wells have become one of the largest man-made disasters of the XX century.
January 19, 1955, President of the United States, held the world's first teleconference
The president of any state strives to appear in the media. Firstly, it contributes to the growth of the head of state’s popularity, and secondly, it conveys the necessary information to every citizen of the country. And despite the fact that representatives of the government are often hard and not willing to accept criticism from the media, they still understand the enormous potential of information sources in shaping the stereotype and mentality of the population throughout the state. An effective means of communication between the head of state and the people is either mass public statements by the president, or the dissemination of the president’s interview in the media. Previously, US presidents gave press conferences, but they were broadcast either by radio or were published in newspapers and magazines. The first teleconference was given by US President Dwight Eisenhower. On January 19, 1955, Eisenhower gives permission for the broadcast, which was shot in advance of the press conference. As stated by the president’s press secretary, James Hagerty, he is incredibly happy that the president can directly appeal to the people and will no longer be forced to refute the facts of his own interviews distorted by newspapermakers. President Eisenhower opened the era of direct communication between the head of state and the people. However, as it turns out later, any TV message can be corrected and presented on the air in the right light and perspective.
January 19, 1963 the Beatles' grand performance at the Palladium Theater in London
On January 19, a sensational performance of the cult group "The Beatles" took place in the legendary Palladium Theater in London. This performance glorified the famous band to the whole world. The Beatles were founded as a vocal-instrumental quartet, which originated in 1956, the name given to the group by an outstanding Lennon. A year after the band’s presentation at the Palladium, the recording of the concert was shown on American television. After this broadcast, the Beatles became popular all over the world. In 1967, at the peak of its popularity, the group released its first rock album. The songs of the music album are melodic, performed in a beautiful and precise rhythmic style, the spirit of music and words is imbued with the vital themes of modern society, the songs of the group also touch upon the problem of the relationship between children and parents. In 1970 the next and last album of the quartet was released, after which the group broke up. Each of the members of the group went on his life and creative path. In 1980, the soloist John Lennon died at the hands of a mentally ill fan. In memory of a colleague, the three Beatles members reunited again in 1995 and recorded a new album of songs dedicated to Lennon. But as they say, the former glory, the group did not manage to return. Without Lennon, the Beatles were not the same.
Born January 19
James watt (1736-1819), inventor of the steam engine
An outstanding scientist was born on January 19, 1736, in Scotland, in the vicinity of Glasgow. When James grew older, his father sent him to London to study plumbing in the capital. The boy turned out to be especially gifted and for the year mastered the program, which is designed for 7 years of study. After training, the young man returns to Scotland and works as a mechanic at the university in Glasgow. Soon, he met famous physicists J. Black and J. Robinson and participated in their experiments on vaporization.In those days it was popular to design steam engines. Several eminent scientists presented to the public a number of their individual developments. Watt takes as a basis one of the available steam models and proceeds to its improvement. He for the first time wants to ensure that the steam inside the cylinder is not cooled. This avoids unwanted condensation. In his invention, Watt applied the principle of excess vapor pressure, and this increased the efficiency of the machine and reduced its size. The engineer’s developments interested the rich manufacturer Matthew Bolton, who owned a steel plant in Birmingham. Bolton signs a partnership agreement with Watt, and in 1782, Watt creates a double-action steam installation. Balton proposed to measure engine power in horsepower and in honor of Watt, called the unit of measurement - Watt. The Bolton and Watt company for a century was a monopoly manufacturer of steam engines, which led to the industrial revolution in England.
Edgar Poe (1809-1849), writer, American poet
Edgar Poe's irrational and mystical creativity diversified and anticipated non-romantic literature of the 19th century. French and Russian poets and writers considered Po, their teacher and mentor. The outstanding writer was imitated by young writers AK Doyle, R.L. Stephenson, G.K. Chesterton Famous composers C. Debussy, S.V. also turned to his work. Rachmaninov. Works By, repeatedly shown on screens in America and Europe. The writer was born on 01/19/1809 in Boston (USA), in an acting family. He soon became an orphan and was taken to be brought up to the house of merchant J. Alan and lived in England for five years. In 1826 he joined the ranks of students at the University of Virginia. After university, Po serves in the army. He debuted in literature as a poet. His first collections were: "Tamerlan", "Al-Aaraaf", "Poems". The first essays and stories, Poe, published in 1832. Later, Edgar became involved in journalism. He actively publishes critical articles and feuilletons. In 1838, his collection "A Tale of the Adventures of Arthur Gordon Pym" was published, in the stories of the collection it was told about travels and adventures in northern countries. In 1940, Po released a two-volume collection of lyrical and tragic stories and novels. The writer also tries himself in the genre of fiction and mysticism, and later he successfully makes his debut in the detective genre.
Auguste Comte (1798-1857), famous French philosopher and sociologist
Born in Montpellier (France). At school, the boy, especially excelled in mathematics. After school, the young man goes to the Polytechnic Institute, where he surprises teachers with his general and mathematical development. Soon Auguste became friends with Saint-Simon. Young people become not only friends, but also colleagues. In 1826, Comte opened a philosophy course at his home. Among his students were Alexander Humboldt, Blaneville, Poinsot, Broussé. Soon, unexpectedly for everyone, Conte suffers from psychosis, and in a state of insanity flees from Paris. They found him and placed him in a mental hospital, but soon his wife and mother gave him up for guardianship. In the middle of August, 1828, a stable remission began at Comte, and he was able to continue his philosophical studies and searches. Auguste is trying to create the so-called "objective method", through an orderly generalization of arguments and facts. Conte tried to transform his positive philosophy into a kind of positive and humanistic religion. In recent years, Comte's views, his actions and letters, have revealed the progression of ongoing mental disorder.
Mikhail Isakovsky (1900-1973) Soviet poet
Songs written on Isakovsky’s poetic works have long been known as folk songs. And this is the true recognition of the talent of the author. Everyone’s favorite songs were written on Isakovsky’s words: “Katyusha,” Oh, viburnum blooms, ”“ Everything stopped again until dawn, ”“ How you were, that's how you stayed. ”Mikhail was born in January 1900 in the Smolensk province, in the local priest taught Michail a peasant family. Mikhail later studied in a gymnasium for two years. In 1914 he published his first creation, “A Soldier's Request.” After this poem, Isakovsky created dozens of similar poetic forms. Isakovsky highly praised Maxim Gorky. The poet counted himself among the those national authors compared themselves with Klyuev and Yesenin. However, in his poems the poet did not focus on class and social contradictions. his work in this area is considered the book "On poetic art." Isakovsky loved simple folk language, he was engaged in literary and musical translations from three languages: Ukrainian, Belarusian and Ngerian At the end of his life, Mikhail Vasilyevich published the book "On Yelninskaya earth: Autobiographical pages."
Perez de Cuellar (1920 ...), UN Secretary General
Born in January 1920, in Lima (Peru). He graduated from high school and received a university law degree. Since 1940, working in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru. Since 1944, he has been in the diplomatic service in France, in Brazil, England, and Bolivia. In 1961 he received the title of ambassador and works as the head of the legal department of Peru. Next, he is appointed director of the administrative Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru. After that, Perez de Cuellar heads the protocol and political departments at the Foreign Ministry of Peru. In 1966, serves as deputy foreign minister, and in 1981 as legal advisor to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru. With the rank of ambassador, Cuellar visits Switzerland, the Soviet Union, Poland and Venezuela. At the first session of the UN General Assembly, he is elected a member of the Peruvian delegation. Since 1971, Cuellar has been appointed Permanent Representative of Peru to the UN. In 1979, Perez de Cuellar, is the Deputy Secretary General of the United Nations. He actively intervened in the resolution of issues on Afghanistan and Pakistan. Perez de Cuellar was also engaged in teaching international law at the Peruvian Diplomatic Academy, and also taught history at the Peru Air Force Academy. Published a textbook on international relations strategy. In 1981, he was solemnly elected Secretary-General of the United Nations. I was beaten on this post twice. As UN Secretary General, he did a lot to maintain peace in the world. He built good relations with all countries of the world, despite their political and social system.
Name Day January 19
Anastasia, Roman, Athanasius
